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Что (кто) такое Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing - определение
![HMS ''Illustrious'']] in 2001](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/FA2 Sea Harrier Launches from HMS Illustrious MOD 45139505.jpg?width=200 "HMS ''Illustrious'']] in 2001")
![[[RAF]] Harrier GR9 arrives at [[RIAT]] 2008](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/BAe Harrier GR9 ZG502 landing arp.jpg?width=200 "[[RAF]] Harrier GR9 arrives at [[RIAT]] 2008")
![MV-22 Osprey]] prepares to land aboard a ship](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/US Navy 080220-N-5180F-015 A Marine Corps MV-22 Osprey prepares to land aboard the amphibious assault ship USS Nassau (LHA 4).jpg?width=200 "MV-22 Osprey]] prepares to land aboard a ship")
![U.S. Marines jump from a [[Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey]], the first production [[tiltrotor]] aircraft](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aircraft.osprey.678pix.jpg?width=200 "U.S. Marines jump from a [[Bell-Boeing V-22 Osprey]], the first production [[tiltrotor]] aircraft")
![VJ101]] on display at the [[Deutsches Museum]], [[Munich, Germany]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Aircraft VJ101C top.jpg?width=200 "VJ101]] on display at the [[Deutsches Museum]], [[Munich, Germany]]")
![Canadair CL-84 Dynavert CL-84-1 (''CX8402'') on display at the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] in Ottawa, Ontario](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/CanadairCL-84DynavertSerialCX8402.jpg?width=200 "Canadair CL-84 Dynavert CL-84-1 (''CX8402'') on display at the [[Canada Aviation and Space Museum]] in Ottawa, Ontario")
![Do 31 E3]] on display at the [[Deutsches Museum]], Germany](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Do-31 2.jpg?width=200 "Do 31 E3]] on display at the [[Deutsches Museum]], Germany")
![Landing of [[Harrier jump jet]] with [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/INAS 300 Sea Harrier vertical landing on a carrier.JPG?width=200 "Landing of [[Harrier jump jet]] with [[Indian Naval Air Arm]]")
![A [[Schiebel Camcopter S-100]], a modern VTOL [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Schiebel CAMCOPTER S-100.jpg?width=200 "A [[Schiebel Camcopter S-100]], a modern VTOL [[unmanned aerial vehicle]]")
![The [[Soviet Union]]'s VTOL aircraft, the [[Yakovlev Yak-38]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Yak-38 Lift Engines NT.PNG?width=200 "The [[Soviet Union]]'s VTOL aircraft, the [[Yakovlev Yak-38]]")
Википедия
A short take-off and vertical landing aircraft (STOVL aircraft) is a fixed-wing aircraft that is able to take off from a short runway (or take off vertically if it does not have a heavy payload) and land vertically (i.e. with no runway). The formal NATO definition (since 1991) is:
A Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing aircraft is a fixed-wing aircraft capable of clearing a 15 m (50 ft) obstacle within 450 m (1,500 ft) of commencing take-off run, and capable of landing vertically.
On aircraft carriers, non-catapult-assisted, fixed-wing short takeoffs are accomplished with the use of thrust vectoring, which may also be used in conjunction with a runway "ski-jump". There are 14 aircraft carriers that operate these STOVL aircraft (United States [9], United Kingdom [2], Italy [2], and Spain [1]). Use of STOVL tends to allow aircraft to carry a larger payload compared to vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), while still only requiring a short runway. The most famous examples are the Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the Sea Harrier. Although technically VTOL aircraft, they are operationally STOVL aircraft due to the extra weight carried at take-off for fuel and armaments. The same is true of the F-35B Lightning II, which demonstrated VTOL capability in test flights but is operationally a STOVL.
